Vision plays a critical role in how we interact with the world, and any condition that impairs our vision can have a significant influence on our daily lives. Cataracts are a clouding of the eye’s natural lens that can cause blurred vision and, eventually, blindness if left untreated. So it is important to understand what cataracts are. Let’s take a look at the causes, symptoms, and risk factors of cataracts, and when to seek medical attention.
What Are Cataracts?
A cataract occurs when the clear lens of the eye becomes cloudy, resulting in a gradual loss of vision. The lens, which is placed behind the iris and pupil, assists in focusing light onto the retina. Proteins in the lens can cluster together over time, resulting in blurred patches that impede vision. While cataracts develop slowly and painlessly, they can eventually impair your ability to perform everyday tasks like reading, driving, and recognising faces.
Common Causes of Cataracts
Cataracts may develop from a variety of causes. Understanding these factors will help you take proactive efforts to manage or delay their emergence.
1. Ageing
Natural ageing is the leading cause of cataracts. As we become older, the proteins in our eyes’ lenses start to degrade and clump together, causing cloudiness. Age-related cataracts often begin around the age of 40 and progress over time.
2. Genetics
Hereditary factors also play a role in cataracts. If your parents or close relatives have cataracts, you may be more likely to get them. Congenital cataracts, which occur at birth or develop during infancy, can also be caused by genetic diseases or infections during pregnancy.
3. Health Condition
Certain medical disorders might speed up the progression of cataracts. These include:
Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can induce alterations to the eye’s lens, resulting in cataract formation.
Hypertension: High blood pressure might lead to eye health issues.
Obesity: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of systemic inflammation and metabolic imbalance.
4. Eye Injuries and Surgeries
Eye injuries or past eye surgeries (such as glaucoma procedures) might damage the lens and increase the chance of developing cataracts. Radiation exposure, particularly cancer treatment, is another contributing cause.
5. Lifestyle Factors
- Smoking: Cigarette smoke produces free radicals, which can damage lens proteins.
- Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption has been related to an increased risk of cataract.
Recognising Cataract Symptoms
Frequently starting gently, cataract symptoms become more evident as the condition worsens. Listed below are some of the most prevalent signs:
1. Blurry or Cloudy Vision
A gradual blurring of vision, as if looking through a foggy or frosted window, is a warning sign of cataracts.
2. Problems with Night Vision
You may develop vision issues at night or in low light, making tasks such as driving more difficult and dangerous.
3. Light Sensitivity
Cataracts can increase your sensitivity to light and glare. Bright sunshine or headlights may make you feel uncomfortable.
4. Halos around Lights
You may perceive halos or rings around light sources, especially at night.
5. Faded Colours
Colours may appear duller or have a yellowish tint, making it difficult to distinguish between identical shades.
6. Double Vision in One Eye
Some people may experience monocular double vision, which means seeing two images instead of one in a single eye.
Who Is at Risk for Cataracts?
While ageing is the primary factor, certain groups are more susceptible to developing cataracts. These include:
- People aged 60 and above
- Diabetics or individuals with other chronic health conditions
- Those with a family history of cataracts
- Smokers and heavy alcohol consumers
- Individuals on long-term corticosteroid medications
- People who have had eye trauma or surgery
Even young adults should be aware of their risk, particularly if they have any of the diseases or habits mentioned above. Early detection is critical.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If you’re experiencing any of the cataract symptoms listed earlier, it’s important to consult an eye care professional and get the accurate cataracts treatments. Early-stage cataracts may not require immediate surgery, but regular monitoring is essential to ensure that your vision does not deteriorate further.
You should schedule an eye exam if:
- You notice persistent blurriness or cloudy vision in one or both eyes
- Night driving becomes difficult or unsafe
- Colours appear faded or you see halos around lights
- You need frequent changes in your glasses prescription
An ophthalmologist can diagnose cataracts using a comprehensive eye examination, which may include a visual acuity test, slit-lamp examination, and retinal exam.
Tailored Cataracts Treatments at Asia Pacific Eye Centre
At Asia Pacific Eye Centre , we understand how life-altering cataracts can be—and how important it is to provide patients with not just treatment, but clarity, comfort, and care. If surgery is necessary, we offer cataract surgery procedures and we tailor every treatment plan to each patient’s lifestyle, vision goals, and medical history. Our team ensures a smooth journey from diagnosis to recovery. Schedule a comprehensive eye screening at APEC and let our team of experts guide you back to a brighter, clearer world!
