Many people will experience floaters or flashes of light in their vision at some point during their life. In most situations, these visual changes are harmless and will be simply a part of the natural ageing process. However, floaters and flashes can sometimes indicate a much more serious problem: retinal detachment, a sight-threatening condition that necessitates emergency medical attention. Let’s take a look at the differences between harmless floaters and flashes and those that may suggest a retinal emergency. Understanding the warning signals will allow you to take immediate action to protect your vision.
What Are Floaters?
Floaters are small particles, cobwebs, threads, or squiggly lines that move across your field of vision. They are best noticeable against a bright, uniform background, such as a blue sky or a white wall.
These floaters are frequently generated by microscopic clumps of gel or cells within the vitreous, the translucent, jelly-like fluid that fills the eye. As we get older, the vitreous gradually decreases and becomes more liquid, drawing away from the retina in a process known as posterior vitreous detachment. This is a frequent and mostly harmless condition, particularly in adults over the age of 50.
What Are Flashes?
Flashes of light, on the other hand, are short, lightning-like streaks that you may see in your peripheral vision. These occur when the shrinking vitreous tugs or pulls on the retina, causing it to send impulses to the brain, which are interpreted as light flashes. Flashes become more common as people age, and they frequently coincide with the development of PVD. While occasional flashes are normal, rapid or frequent flashes, especially when paired with floaters, might be a warning sign.
Differentiating Harmless Changes from Serious Symptoms
Although most floaters and flashes are harmless, unexpected changes in their pattern, frequency, or intensity can indicate a significant problem such as a retinal tear or detachment.
Harmless Symptoms
A few floaters that move gently yet remain stable over time.
Occasional flashes that are neither worsening nor increasing in frequency.
Symptoms that have existed there for years without any change in eyesight.
Concerning Symptoms
An unexpected increase in the quantity or magnitude of floaters.
New, sustained bursts of light, particularly in peripheral vision.
A dark veil or shadow moving across part of your visual area.
Blurred or distorted vision.
A sudden loss of peripheral (side) vision.
A grey or dim area in your central vision.
These symptoms could suggest that the retina—the thin, light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye—has developed a tear, hole, or complete detachment. If left untreated, retinal detachment can cause permanent vision loss.
How Floaters and Flashes Can Signal Retinal Detachment
From posterior vitreous detachment to retinal tears
When the vitreous shrinks and detaches from the retina, it can cause a tear or hole. When there is a retinal breach, fluid from the vitreous can seep underneath the retina, causing it to lift from the back of the eye—this is known as retinal detachment. While PVD is usually harmless, 10-15% of those who get it may also develop a retinal tear. Recognising the early warning symptoms is crucial for preventing full detachment.
Risk Factors That Raise Concern
You may be more likely to develop a retinal detachment if you have:
High myopia (nearsightedness)
A history of eye trauma or injury
Undergone eye surgery, such as cataract removal
A family history of retinal detachment
Previous retinal tears or detachments in the other eye
Certain systemic conditions, such as diabetes
If you have any of these risk factors, even minor symptoms should be taken seriously.
Why Immediate Medical Attention Is Crucial
Retinal detachment is a medical emergency. Early treatment, before the macula (central section of the retina) detaches, can often preserve eyesight. However, as the separation progresses, the risk of permanent visual loss increases significantly.
Safeguard Your Sight at APEC
Floaters and flashes are often harmless and a normal part of ageing. However, they can also be signs of retinal detachment—a serious condition that requires urgent medical attention. At Asia Pacific Eye Centre (APEC), our experienced eye specialists offer comprehensive eye evaluations, prompt treatment, and retinal detachment surgeries. Don’t wait—book an eye checkup today and protect your vision.
